Needs in Different Life Stages Essay

NEEDS OF THE DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES! Human Needs Needs: lack of something that is required or desired Needs exist from birth to death Needs influence our behavior Needs have a priority status Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Maslow’s hierarchy of needs( levels of need) Meeting Needs Motivation to act when needs felt Sense of satisfaction when needs met Sense of frustration when needs not met Several needs can be felt at the same time Different needs can have different levels of intensity Altered PhysiologicalNeeds Health care workers need to be aware of how illness interferes with meeting physiological needs Surgery or laboratory testing Anxiety Medications Loss of vision or hearing Altered PhysiologicalNeeds (continued) Decreased sense of smell and taste Deterioration of muscles and joints Change in person’s behavior What the health care worker can do to assist the patient with altered needs Summary Be aware of own needs and patient’s needs More efficient and quality care can be provided when know needs and understand motivations Better understanding of our behavior and that of others Summary Recognise that we are all different. Help them to help themselves and become more independent. Everyone has a choice Treat individuals with respect and dignity. Protect vulnerable individuals Different professionals are involved in care formal and informal care provision Summary Our five life stages are the early years, school age, young people in transition (from school to adult life), adults of working age, and older people. For each life stage we have identified the outcomes that everyone would want for themselves at that stage in life.

Lifestyle Disease

Definition of Lifestyle disease Lifestyle disease: A disease associated with the way a person or group of people lives. Lifestyle diseases include atherosclerosis, heart disease, and stroke; obesity and type 2 diabetes; and diseases associated with smoking and alcohol and drug abuse. Regular physical activity helps prevent obesity, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, colon cancer, and premature mortality. ‘Lifestyle diseases’ such as heart disease, some cancers and diabetes, which are no longer a problem just in wealthy nations.Globally 14. 2 million people between the ages of 30-69 years die prematurely each year from these diseases. These diseases have emerged as bigger killers than infectious or heridetary ones. Risk factors for these diseases include tobacco use, unhealthy diets and physical inactivity. Today we will take look at the most common lifestyle diseases that you need to take care. Some of the diseases which occur are due to the wrong lifestyle.They are mainly due to the drugs, tobacco smoking and chewing, alcohol consumption, lack of physical activities, heavy junk food, over tension, no social life, lot of traveling, no specific eating habits and changes in eating hours, etc. It was observed that in many European countries in second half of the 20th century, people changed their food habits. They started consuming more and more meat, diary products, Alcoholic beverages; they had reduced the consumption of bread, potatoes, rice, and maize flour.This reduced the intake of essential nutrients which were beneficial for the body at the same time they reduced doing physical exercises. This created an increase in ‘Cancer' percentage amongst the masses. Due to large consumption of junk food and doing less exercises many started suffering from various heart aliments. Some of the common disorders and diseases amongst the masses due to wrong lifestyle are:- 1) Alzheimer's 2) Asthma 3) Cancer 4) Type 2 diabetes 5) Heart disease 6) Chro nic renal failure 7) Depression 8) ObesityLifestyle diseases are known as silent killers. Due to industrialization there was advancement in the life of the people according to that lifestyles changed, they started consuming junk food and did a very little physical activity. In the long run it started creating problems. Prior to 1940's the main causes of deaths were Malaria, typhoid but after that due to changes in lifestyle more and more deaths occurred due to the Cancer, Heart attacks, Diabetes. Can we prevent these diseases? Yes, we can prevent those diseases by changing our lifestyle.Following are the some important steps which can counter-attack the ill-effects of our wrong lifestyle: 1) Performing regular exercises. 2) Balance diet. 3) Reduction in unnecessary food consumption. 4) Avoiding junk food. 5) Proper eating times and habits. 6) Regularly doing yoga to refresh your mind and body. 7) Doing Meditation. 8) Sharing your thoughts with your friends Summary Wrong eating habit s, less exercises, junk food are the main causes behind the deadly lifestyle diseases. More and more deaths are occurring due to this. Let's change this and enjoy a healthy life.

Managing Activities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Activities - Essay Example The Chairman, Stuart Rose, has the responsibility for the monitoring of all business activities; however, executive directors have placed at each organizational department ensuring the close control over the firm’s activities. Apart from the directors of each department there are also directors that are not related with a particular organizational sectors – non - executive directors. Although their role in the development of business activities is not made clear it can be assumed that they can intervene in all firm’s sectors – in accordance with the CEO’s guidelines or the relevant suggestions of each department’s executive director. It is assumed that cooperation and coordination are strongly promoted in the workplace. The development of divisions within the organization increases the effectiveness of the firm’s control over its activities. As for the firm’s organizational culture, there are some points that need to be highligh ted. All business activities are developed in accordance with the Corporate Governance Framework and the Code of Ethics – as presented in the firm’s website. In accordance with the corporate website, the corporate governance is based on the following principles: ‘quality, value, service, innovation and trust’ (corporate website, governance framework, 2009). A characteristic element of the firm’s governance is the use of the so-called ‘plan – A’ which aims to align all corporate activities with the environmental needs – promotion of sustainability through the business operations. In other words, corporate culture is based on the following values: application of corporate and social ethics and protection of the environment. 1b. The development of Marks and Spencer in the market – both the British and the international – has been achieved through the promotion of a series of values and the active support to the principles of

Learning diaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Learning diaries - Essay Example He advises that managers can use many strategies concurrently, but one can switch between the different hats as business progresses (Hargie, 2011, P. 15).The white hat strategy focuses on management’s decision centering on just the facts at the management’s disposal. Management wearing the white hat has to primarily and ultimately make decisions based on the facts at hand before making any decisions. The only considerations’ base is on proposals and data, and their presentation focuses only on neutrality and their presentation. Bono advises that although it is viable, the leader should not wear it for a long time as it only asks the questions of â€Å"what is the manager has, what is missing, what the manager would like to have and how to avail this extra information† (Hargie, 2011, P. 75). The yellow hat strategy asks management to base their decisions purely on how benefits can are attainable. Management in the yellow hat should not look for the cons in entering the particular business ideas. It focuses on just the positive side of things with pros filling the sheet of paper. The underlying factor in wearing the yellow hat suggests that the entrepreneur to assess the benefits of venturing into the idea, it focuses on the proposal at hand and assesses the positive assets available (Hargie, 2011, P. 765). The manager should then ask how this proposal should commence. Bono asserts that its viability is that every good business idea deserves the entrepreneur’s attention Yellow hat attire, but the profits are not always instantly (Hargie, 2011, P. 765). The black hat sends out a word of precaution. When wearing the white hat, one’s obligation focuses on cynicism and utter concentration on assessment. One has to carry out logical assessments, focusing on the attributed costs, the formulation, the feasibility and also the safety factor. Usually, this decision making hat reflects on why the proposals do not align with the facts at

Palestinian-Israeli Conflict Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Palestinian-Israeli Conflict - Case Study Example Several peace solutions were made since the PLO was granted the observer status in the UN as the delegate of the Palestinian Arabs in the year 1974. Along with the UNRWA which was set up in 1949 for relief of the Palestinian refugees, numerous UN institutions were set up to support the cause of the Palestinians. The UN General Assembly resolution 3379 in 1975 which declared Zionism to be a form of racism caused the UN to lose the complete credibility as a neutral mediator in the eyes of Israel and the peace process was never an easy task for the international community. Israel and Egypt signed a peace treaty in 1979 after the US mediation, for which Israel returned the Sinai Desert to Egypt. The secret negotiations in Oslo resulted in an agreement between Israel and the Palestine in which a Palestinian National Authority was established under the leadership of Arafat and the PLO in 1994 and Israel was agreeable to gradually transfer land to this authority. However, theOslo peace proc essgot slowed down as both the parties did not stick to agreements they made and the leadership on both sides failed to build confidence and to prepare their own people for the necessary compromises. Thus, confrontations continued and the peace process gradually dragged on towards the negotiations on Camp David in 2000 which was also a failure. The then US president Bill Clinton presented the 'bridging proposals' in December 2000 which suggested the parameters for a final compromise that included a Palestinian state comprising the Gaza Strip and about 97% of the West Bank, division of Jerusalem and no right of return to Israel for Palestinian refugees. Whereas Israel received this proposal in principle, Palestinian was not ready to accept the suggestion. The two sides failed to reach a settlement in the last minute negotiations at Taba in January2001, in spite of further Israeli concessions. Both the sides, in a joint communiqu, agreed that they had never been so close to an agreeme nt, though issues such as the refugee issue remained. The peace process continued and new negotiations were made in the course of time. "Although both parties accepted the 'Road Map to Peace', launched by the Quartet of US, UN, EU and Russia in 2003, no serious peace negotiations have taken place in recent years between Israel and the Palestinians. Israeli PM Ariel Sharon did take unilateral measures such as the disengagement from the Gaza Strip in 2005, but he demanded an end to Palestinian terrorism before he would engage in negotiations with Arafat's successor Abbas concerning final status issues." (The Arab-Israeli Conflict) However, the peace process for the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is still going on and the international community is expecting a miracle in the solution of the long struggle and the ongoing dispute between the Israelis and the Palestinians. The most pertinent obstacle among the various obstacles against a final and peaceful conclusion to the Palestinian Isra eli conflic

The Colorado Healthy Communities Initiative Lab Report

The Colorado Healthy Communities Initiative - Lab Report Example This uniqueness of this program that differentiates it from others is that it focused on the community based definition of health that means it gave a personal touch to it. The second important thing that was introduced was collaboration between those different individuals of the society to work for a common purpose. It helped an individual to build its own individual capacity. The involvement of different kinds of communities prevailing in that state was evident too. This study was conducted over a period of 8 years and extensive exploration took place in these years that have validated the research as being fruitful and a true representative of the thoughts of the common man living in Colorado about his health. It involved extensive evaluation of all the processes and steps that were involved in the process to understand the diversity of the individuals and implementing the health conscious techniques according to the individual's diverse background and value system. Four evaluatio n reports were produced through this program. These reports were the highlights of the program and the article is based on the important findings of those four reports only. The findings of this study were worth mentioning. The less participation on the part of the Coloradoan citizens in the decision making process that determines their future was reported. The citizens felt they weren't being given enough opportunities to foster participation. Another factor that was revealed through this study was the Coloradoan citizen's love, affection and sense of belonging with the state and the people of that state, the neighborhood and the government. A further astonishing finding was that they considered the local government more powerful and important than the overall government. They gave more weight to the local government as to solving their problems. Another thing that they believed strongly in was that the adult participation and prevention as being the two most effective ways of solving problems. The CHCI model was adapted from the National Civil League's approach to healthy community. It consisted of two phases; the first one was of 18 months of extensive strategic planning, the second phase consisted of 2 to 3 years of action-oriented implementation activities. The final step in the planning process was by the stakeholders to develop activities and plans to address to the issue. The stakeholder's could then apply for implementation grants and use those grants accordingly to the benefit of their respective communities. In addition to all this, a community indicators project was also initiated in the middle stages. The Colorado trust made additional funds to be made available to 15 other communities and this act turned out to be pretty fruitful. Evaluation The major outcomes from this initiative were that there was a lot of commitment shown on the part of the citizens of that state. They were a diverse group of people varying from the business to the education sector. The commitment and collaboration yielded from issue-focused outcomes to the creation of a new family based nonprofit resource

Anything Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anything - Essay Example The growth of multiculturalism in the workplace imparts the need for the managers to understand the cultural, ethnic, and gender based differences of the workforce so that their conflicts can be resolved and their needs can be addressed. Challenges for Managers in the Contemporary Organizations Resolving Interpersonal Conflicts Over the passage of time, there has been an improvement in the discouragement of such notions as slavery, racism, and violence grounded in differences of race, gender, or ethnicity at all levels all across the world. However, although many people say that they condemn such practices, yet deep inside, they still cultivate certain negative perceptions about others who are not like them in terms of race, ethnicity, and such other variables. This sets the stage for the occasional conflicts among the diverse workers. Many a times, workers may not even like to cultivate such negative perceptions about others, but they still feel discomfort and irritation when they a re unable to understand or identify with the opinions, values, and beliefs of their peers and coworkers that are grounded in their respective cultures. â€Å"It's common to have friction with co-workers who have different values and work styles† (McGrath). ... Good public relations provide organizations with competitive advantage in the market that is overcrowded with organizations rendering similar services as they do. Conflicts based on the differences of cultures, race, or gender happening in the workplace can generate a very negative message for the stakeholders particularly the consumers in the society if they happen to learn about them. Managers face the challenge of not only resolving the interpersonal conflicts in the workplace, but also controlling the information leaking out to the stakeholders to keep the organization’s image from being tarnished in the public eye. Strategies of Conflict Resolution Learning Cultural Differences Addressing the cultural, ethnic, and gender differences of the workforce requires the managers to be more educated in these areas than they were ever before. Managers serving in the workplaces in the contemporary age need to acquaint themselves with all possible sources and causes of conflicts betw een the culturally and ethnically diverse workforce and have suitable strategies in place to resolve them effectively. In order to utilize their optimal potential, managers need to be proactive rather than reactive. Although managers may not primarily be educated in cultural diversity and the subjects that entail it like the study of different languages, the study of norms and values of different cultures, and the behaviors appreciated and condemned in them, yet it is recommendable for the managers serving in the contemporary organizations to undertake short courses in these areas or do self study of these subjects for the least. This would build up competency in the managers to analyze and understand things from a variety of cultural perspectives and identify the causes of conflicts among the

Films of Alfred Hitchcock Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Films of Alfred Hitchcock - Assignment Example After he answers to this name, he is immediately mistaken for the CIA agent, named George Kaplan ("North by Northwest"). Throughout the story, Roger tries to make everyone believe that he is not Kaplan. His life becomes a nightmare because he is being tracked down. The abduction of Roger and his desperation when he tries to explain that he knows nothing about Kaplan defines one of the intriguing scenes in the film. The case of mistaken identity is the film is one of the interesting aspects that viewers are interested in. Roger’s effort to clear his name and prove that he is not Kaplan failed terribly. The fact that even his mother does not believe him makes his case more complicated. Hitchcock’s expertise in developing an intriguing plot is evident because Roger finds himself facing murder charges. There is evidence of a photograph depicting him holding a weapon. Therefore, it is impossible for Roger to deny the charges. The suspense of the story surrounds Roger’s mistaken identity. Roger is determined to find the true Kaplan something that all the viewers are interested in (Wakelin 86). However, at the end of the movie, it is revealed that George Kaplan does not exist. Roger plays his role extremely well, making the suspense so realistic. He finds himself in a strange world without anyone to turn to because he is unable to prove his innocence. He depicts his desperation t o find the true Kaplan to clear his name. He is the favorite character for many viewers because the entire story surrounds him. A close analysis of the film reveals that Roger faces a great deal of isolation. The viewers understand that he does not have a family of his own and he faces a critical case of mistaken identity. In his desperation, nobody believes that he is innocent. It is unfortunate that even his mother does not trust his story. He faces extreme danger, especially after he is framed for murder. He seems to be alone and against the entire world. The cinematography of

Research Study on Organizational Commitment Essay Example for Free

Research Study on Organizational Commitment Essay IntroductionOrganizational commitment is an organizational member’s psychological connection or feeling of belongingness to the organization CITATION Edu15 l 1033 (Educational Portal). This commitment to an organization creates a feeling of passionate affection within a stakeholder of an organization, creating a desire for that / those individual(s) to do anything necessary for the organization to succeed. Organizational commitment is an indispensably huge role that determines whether a stakeholder will remain at the organization willingly, if given a choice. This is a determinant as to whether this individual will produce at the top of his skill index to ensure that the organization moves much closer, or in the direction of its goals. According to the three- component model (TCM), the organizational commitment is made up of three unique components. These are affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment. Affective commitment encompasses the love for your career or job. This happens when one has a strong feeling of emotional attachment to their organization or company, and zealously works to promote the interests of that organization. These people have internalized the organization’s values, vision and goals, and have a sincere feeling of wanting to work for the organization for a longer period CITATION Min151 l 1033 (Mind Tools). This happens when the employee is happy at their workplace. There are factors that will normally contribute to this affection. Some of the reasons include freedom of thought and innovation, appreciably good salary, better employee terms among other things that could make employees feel that they are important and are valued by their employer. Whatever these reasons are, this affection is imperative to the organizational success. Hypothesis: Employees who are treated in a respectful manner in an ethics based organization are more likely to be happier than employees that belong to a profit oriented organization. Continuous commitment is an express fear of loss. This kind of commitment comes by when employees measures up the advantages and disadvantages of being at the organization compared to their exit CITATION Min151 l 1033 (Mind Tools). This comes as a result of a realization that staying at your current position in your company has better terms or benefits than leaving the company. For instance, if one wanted to move from one company or organization, they will not only consider monetary benefits, but a number of other parameters. These parameters include employee terms of welfare, available position of responsibility within the new organization, among other benefits one stands to lose or gain. Another reason could be completely unrelated to profession; one could be attached to their friends at the organization, that moving from the organization is a risk of breaking these bonds. The relentlessness of the continuance commitment increases with advancement of age and professional responsibi lity. Those who are so advanced in both of these factors will feel a certain kind of inertial force that hardly allows them to leave. Hypothesis: People who have successively progressed up the ladder within an organization, and / or age feel the severity of continuance commitment the most. Normative Commitment is the sense of obligation that one feels for an organization. Some people feel that it is the right thing to do, for them to belong to the organization they do belong to. This sense of belongingness occurs even when one is not happy with their position. They are often held back from pursuing even better opportunities CITATION Min151 l 1033 (Mind Tools). This feeling could arise from an array of reasons. A great example is a son working at their father’s firm, He will get a kind of virtual family pressure to weigh the burdens of the organization in order to make it successful. Even if there existed better opportunities, this son will turn them down for the sake of keeping their parents happy. Another scenario that could occur is when a wife works for an organization within a region. The job she does could only be offered by only her current company within the whole region or even country. Due to her domestic responsibilities, she cannot leave to pursue her career interests in another region of the country. This sense of obligation could drain the company of energy because normally, there is no zeal to work, but one will only perform at an average. Hypothesis: more married people will tend to work for a certain firm on a normative commitment basis than the single professionals. All the above forms of commitment are segments of organizational employee response due to certain organizational behaviors. The underlying fact is that employees have their personal needs, and will tend to place these interests first. When these interests are well provided for, the employees will automatically feel appreciated and will tend to happily offer service to the organization. As it has been stressed before, happy employees make more productive and successful companies CITATION And14 l 1033 (Oswald, Proto, Sgroi, 2014). On a practical scale, companies like Google have benefited from employee first approach. The company has invested a lot in employee support and satisfaction while allowing for imagination, creativity and innovation CITATION Kel14 l 1033 (Parkes-Harrison-Warwick, 2014). Some companies have got it right while others are yet to get it right. We carried a research into the various aspects that contribute to this phenomenon of organizational commitment. We use different techniques to measure or research into different Organizational behavior, including self-reporting scales, behavioral observation and organizational records analysis such as performance appraisal forms, time card data, absenteeism rates, productivity indices In this research, we use the self-reporting scales. Self-report study involves use of questionnaires, surveys or polls that let respondents respond to questions in a manner the respondents choose. This kind of survey is focused on extracting information from participants about their attitudes, feelings and beliefs on certain topics. It could be a form of interview, provision of answers to open and closed questions, rating scales, fixed choice questions among others. Reliability on these methods is dependent upon their consistence in providing similar results if used repeatedly in similar circumstances. Validity of the response is also a matter of concern. Especially for questionnaires, respondents may or may not give accurate or sincere answers to certain questions depending on the parameters provided. For example, Anonymous questionnaires or response forms are more likely to produce valid answers. In this survey, we carried a survey in which we asked various questions related to the hypotheses stated in within this document. We adopted the anonymous response questionnaire system to enhance validity of our research. We asked them to rate different departments, work conditions and parameters. The respondents were to respond to questions regarding the hypotheses. They were requested to rate the questions on four guided answers: Strongly agree, Agree, strongly disagree, and agree. Our respondents were 30 employees of different organizations. Results             We set ourselves to find out the validity of three hypotheses regarding the tenets of organizational commitment. These hypotheses stated as follow: Hypothesis 1: Employees who feel appreciated are happy and are more likely to be affectively committed to an organization Hypothesis 2: older employees and those who get promoted are likely to stay within an organization out of continuance commitment Hypothesis 3: most married people are normatively committed to organizations. The validity of our hypotheses had some concurrence with our respondents. However, what the survey disqualified is the sense of promotion as a determining factor to employee continuance commitment. Instead, the people who got promoted in organizations were the productive cream of the organization. This means that they felt a conviction to work for the organization. Such people were comfortably placed within the category of affective commitment. Conclusion             The survey conducted was successfully concluded and in our finding, hypothesis 1 was completely valid as most people agreed with it. Hypothesis 2 produced mixed reactions. Most agreed that older people were committed to the organization due to continuance commitment. Hypothesis 3 was completely valid as most people agreed with this hypothesis. All respondents had their reasons, as evident on their additional comments, including fear of family strain and divorce for the third hypothesis. References BIBLIOGRAPHY l 1033 Educational Portal. (n.d.). Organizational Commitment: Definition, Theory Types. Retrieved January 28, 2015, from Educational Portal: http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/organizational-commitment-definition-theory-types.html Mind Tools. (n.d.). The Three Component Model of Commitment. Retrieved January 28, 2015, from Mind Tools: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/three-component-model-commitment.htm Oswald, A. J., Proto, E., Sgroi, a. D. (2014, february 10). Happiness and Productivity. Retrieved January 28, 2015, from http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/staff/eproto/workingpapers/happinessproductivity.pdf Parkes-Harrison-Warwick, K. (2014, March 21). Google is right: We work better when we’re happy. Retrieved jaanuary 28, 2015, from futurity.org: http://www.futurity.org/work-better-happy/ Source document

With the Stroke of a Pen Government Reaction Paper Essay Example for Free

With the Stroke of a Pen Government Reaction Paper Essay Kenneth Mayer took an upright approach investigating the president’s executive power they used to issue amounts of executive order. He calls it â€Å"presidential edicts† which are official orders that the presidents create to assist executive branch in managing operations within the federal government. Mayer believes that this use of executive order; creating laws and procedures, is turned into an arbitrary order. This legislative act of making laws is stated in the constitution, given to congress; and with â€Å"the stroke of a pen† the â€Å"Laws of the Land† were made with no regard or interaction with the legislative. And as we learn in â€Å"With the Stroke of a Pen†, executive order can be criticized with substantial argument and can have â€Å"great impact†. Mayer put together charts of 1,028 presidential orders into categories, between March 1936 and December 1999, constructing two tables. Mayer leaned to the more necessary side of executive power, realizing the â€Å"formal and informal† restraints put on the president within the â€Å"separated system† and the use of checks and balances that protects, and also the vast difference in ones party in the congress can take the executive powers implied in the 2nd Article of the constitution away (not literally speaking). Mayer explained an issue dealing with Democratic issue with Eisenhower’s apathetic look on discrimination in housing and federal employment; with Kennedy’s promise to the people and equality of opportunity (constitutional) with the stroke of a pen came the fair housing order. As so with Clinton’s scare of impeachment, his idea of executive orders and unilateral decisions (such as, prohibiting the use of genetic information if hiring) showed the capability of a president. These presidential legislations therefore make general policy and link to public law. The argument many make about the executive order is that it’s a way for the president to avoid public opinion and constitutional limits. Though it’s said that this is an example of secrecy and totalitarianism, Mayer actually feels as if the president is limited enough and with all this his orders are constantly judged through a system (checks and balances) in our government anyway and through political parties in the congress. The constitution he says specifies that, President â€Å"shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed† meaning, that if laws aren’t being broken or disregarded then we have no argument against the president’s order. Supreme Court ruled in the steel seizure case (Youngstown), such decisions that aren’t constitutional or statutory. In the cases Mayer mentions about which are Korematsu v. U.S (decision of freedom fro internment camps of Japanese Americans), Schechter Corp v. U.S (about unhealthy chicken being sold, exceeding commerce clause), and Cole v. Young; these are all decisions that derived from executive orders. In the random sample of 1,028 executive orders between March 1936 and December 1999, took a look at the subject of the orders. Civil service which involved retirement exemptions, salary, holiday, and personnel; Public lands deal with land for public use, revoking previous land orders; War and emergency powers deal with orders creating or abolishing wartime agencies, and emergency preparedness procedures; Foreign affairs are orders dealing with importation, trade, aid, and affairs with other territories particularly signed by treaties; Defense and military policy deal with military personnel, intelligence community, and military lands; Executive branch administration order are orders creating boards, councils, agency transferring powers, and tax policies; Labor policy focuses on emergency boards and inquiry, and managing federal government labor policy; Domestic policy orders include energy, environment, civil rights, economy, and education. More than 60% of orders dealing with Executive branch, Civil service, and Public lands; the rest were dealing with Foreign affairs and War powers, and domestic and labor policy were small percentages. Since presidents have been given so much responsibility, orders are then handed down to clerks and subordinates. Mayer noticed through the second table/chart that focused on which the orders were made each year, that War and emergency powers have dropped since 1940’s, which is the result of no more World wars and such; also Foreign affairs, Executive branch, and Domestic policy orders have grown since 1930’s supporting the fact that executive orders do matter. When can a president rely on executive order? Mayer asks. Well in my opinion whenever he is stuck with the task of trying to protect the good, order, and equality among our union. The president is elected for the people by the people and in order for policies that can’t get through the congress as simple, and then this â€Å"Necessary evil† people call giving the president too much power is good. It’s fair to say that some power can be misused but, if the government and congress are doing there job right then the protections we have against a treasonous president or unconstitutional laws being made, almost nothing can go horribly wrong. With the bills and laws being opposed just because of parties in congress then executive order can be made first if the reason and issue is great.

Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars

Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars INTRODUCTION The extraction of impacted mandibular third molars is a common  procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The reasons for extracting  these teeth include acute or chronic pericoronitis, presence of cysts or a  tumour, periodontal problems and presence of a carious lesion on the  second or third mandibular molar. In some cases, extraction is performed  in preparation for orthodontic treatment or orthognathic surgery  In most cases, the removal of third molars will lead to a significant degree  of tissue trauma that causes an inflammatory reaction. Thus, the patient  develops the common postoperative symptoms and signs of pain, facial  swelling, dysfunction, and limited mouth opening (trismus). The pain is typically brief and will peak in intensity in the  early postoperative period.The facial swelling and trismus will reach their  characteristic maximum 48 to 72 hours after surgery. Those symptoms are  major disadvantage and affect the patients quality of life. The  inflammatory process is necessary if healing of traumatic tissue has to  occur, but often excessive inflammation lead to unnecessary pain, trismus  and swelling. The impact of these symptoms affect the quality of life in the  days following surgery. Injured tissues immediately release local inflammatory mediators, like histamine, that produce vasodilatation leading to extravasations resulting in edema and sensitize the peripheral noci-receptors resulting in hyperalgesia. Although these inflammatory mediators are released immediately after the trauma, these symptoms are not observed immediate after the surgery but rather begin gradually, peaking 1 3 days after the surgery. Pain has been an indispensible part of all surgical procedures and minor oral surgical procedures are not an exclusion. Through ages mankind has been in constant quest for various methods to control pain . The specificity theory proposed in 17th century by Descartes R explains pain as the activity of highly specific peripheral nerve endings that receive sensory information from the environment, which is then transmitted by nerve fibres through the spinal cord to the pain centre, or the pineal body, in the forebrain. However it is merely a biological explanation and does not address the multidimensional, complex process of pain as we understand today.1 Various factors contribute to determine the intensity of post-operative complications such as host defense mechanism, type of healing, duration of the procedure, 4-8extent of reflection of the mucoperiosteal flap, types of flaps, bone removal, need for tooth sectioning, 5and experience of the surgeon.9,10 To increase patients satisfaction after third molar surgery it will be necessary to avoid the inconvenience associated with tooth extraction and minimize the subsequent side effects. Methods to reduce the side effects is to prescribe medications such as corticosteriods , non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs , a combination of corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs or enzyme preparation. Synthetic inflammation inhibitors which are active at certain points during the course of the inflammatory reactions are available. They are sometimes associated with undesirable side effects such as insomnia, depression, systemic fungal infection, increased calcium excretion, gastrointestinal irritation, visual complaints, fever and fatigue. These inflammation inhibitors are divided mainly into two groups: Steroids, i.e., cortisone and its derivatives, and the Non-Steroids, which are usually salicylic acid derivatives such as butazolidine, indomethacin and others. The side effects of prolonged corticosteroids use are well known, and are fundamentally dependent upon the dose employed and the duration of treatment. These effects include peptic ulcer, immune suppression, water and electrolyte balance metabolic effects, muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, increased fatty tissue (full moon facial appearance), Cushing syndrome, avascular osteonecrosis, lessened resistance to infection, hirsutism, amenorrhea, acne, hyperglycemia or hypertension. Systemic glucocorticoids , which are frequently used as anti-inflammatory agents, are well-known to inhibit wound repair via global anti-inflammatory effects and suppression of cellular wound responses, including fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Systemic steroids cause wounds to heal with incomplete granulation tissue and reduced wound contraction. Glucocorticoids also inhibit production of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a key transcriptional factor in healing wounds Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) have been used since many years for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Although these drugs have been proven efficient in management of post operative pain, adverse effects and associated morbidity pose a serious problem. It has long been known that NSAID may have a range of side effects, of which the commonest are gastrointestinal.5 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen are widely used for the treatment of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis and for pain management. Low-dosage aspirin, due to its anti-platelet function, is commonly used as a preventive therapeutic for cardiovascular disease, but not as an anti-inflammatory drug. In contrast to chemical inhibitors of inflammation such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), enzyme preparations support and accelerate the natural inflammatory process without contributing to pain, redness and swelling. This is accomplished by helping degrade and remove plasma proteins and fibrin that invade the interstitial space within tissues at the site of inflammation. Improved microcirculation and removal of inflammatory products results in an analgesic effect and complaint relief. Proteolytic systemic enzymes (proteases), such as those found in bromelain, papain and pancreatin, cleave protein compounds by hydrolysis. That is, they split their substrate by incorporating water. These enzymes are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream and travel to specific sites where they break down cell debris, fibrin and toxins. They also stimulate phagocytosis within the immune system and accelerate elimination by way of the lymphatic system and blood vessels. This translates into improved circulation and reduced inflammation. Proteolytic enzymes, which when taken with a meal is used to help digest food. Proteolytic enzymes are known as systemic enzyme supplements and are taken on an empty stomach, 45 minutes to one hour before meals or 3 hours after a meal, to digest proteinaceous or fibrous waste material throughout the body including the outer coating of bacteria, necrotic tissue and immune complexes. The only negative effects are for people with rare cases of protein allergies. Purpose of this randomized , single blind study is to compare the efficacy of proteolytic enzyme such as bromelain , trypsin and rutoside as an alternative to corticosteroids in pre and post- operative swelling , pain and trismus after removal of third molar.

My Nursing Journey and My Personal Philosophy of Nursing Essay

Introduction My journey to nursing began with my personal healthcare experience, and has continued to evolve since entering the nursing program at State University. My personal philosophy of nursing is related my life experience and my personal philosophy of life. Using reflection-on-action, I have begun to understand the influences that have lead me to nursing. I discovered client and family centered care to be an important quality when I look at the influential nurses in my life. To develop a positive therapeutic nurse-client relationship, nurses must integrate all 5 dimensions of the therapeutic nurse-client relationship into their practice (CNO, 2006). When it comes to providing client-centered care, the dimensions of trust, empathy and respect are particularly important (CNO, 2006). Illness can be a traumatic experience for patients and their families, and it is important to be empathetic to the patient’s needs, while still trusting the patient to be an expert in their illness and car e. Client Centered Care Client centered care is what creates the foundation for the therapeutic nurse-client relationships. The Registered Nursing Association of Ontario (RNAO) recommends that nurses embrace the values of respect, human dignity, client as expert, and clients as leaders, to foster patient centered care (RNAO, 2002). A study done at Coventry University found that there were serious implications to care that was not family-center. Effective communication plays a large role in how the care is perceived by families and patients. It is extremely important for clients to receive constant and continual information from their healthcare professionals (Beckwitt, 2014). Relaying critical, sensitive information is difficult, but when t... ... Stories. Retrieved March 18, 2014 from http://stellabrunermethven.com/ Methven, M. (n.d.). Stella Joy. Thinking About Death. Retrieved March 18, 2014 from http://stellabrunermethven.com/ Miller, E. T. (2014). Why Passion Counts!. Rehabilitation Nursing, 39(2), 61. doi:10.1002/rnj.158 Registered Nurses Association of Ontario. (2002). Best Practice Guideline. Client Centered Cared. Retrieved March 18, 2014 from http://rnao.ca/bpg/guidelines/client-centred-care. Siviter, B. (2014). A culture where compassion is the expectation. Primary Health Care, 24(2), 16. Sullivan, P. (n.d.). Team Finn. Battles Are About How You Live. Retrieved March 18, 2014 from http://www.teamfinn.com/about-team-finn/battles-are-about-how-you-live/ Whitman, B., & Rose, W. (2003). Using art to express a personal philosophy of nursing. Nurse Educator, 28(4), 166-169.

Effects of Classroom Structure on Student Learning Essay examples -- A

Since the early 1200’s when the first university opened its doors in Italy, the trend manifested its way towards the United States with Harvard University in the 1600’s. Even though the basic classroom consisted of some desks, a teacher front and center, and little ones eager for recess and masters of eye avoiding, it has evolved heavily with great detail. â€Å"Changing the physical structure of a classroom is one way to alter the environment of a classroom†¦support the interactive environment of group work, which allows students to control their own learning and presents them with direct feedback in the learning process.† ( Mary Ann Polityka.) Classrooms of higher education serve now as room of learning and focus. It may not seem like the basic settings of education and the individuals within effect how students learn, but it greatly impacts each and every one of them. Whether it’s an all-male, female, or both sex universities, all schools make it as comfortable as possible for both the classmates and teachers. Every school of higher education includes both female and male professors, young and old. From a cover story over female and male university professors, â€Å"†¦female professors would have to adopt masculine sex-typed styles of interaction in order to be viewed as legitimate holders of authority in spite of their lesser female status.† (Laurel Richardson.) During the civil rights movement, all women were fighting for their rights, to be equal in the eyes of their father, husband, brother. Even if all men are equal, women still have to show that they have the capacity of their fellow male professors. Also, concluding that â€Å"†¦male professors, although they hold a position which is consistent with their status as males, ... ...rs And. "Classroom Structures And Student Motivation: A Study Of The Delta Project." (1993): ERIC. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. 4. Segal, Carmit. "Classroom Behavior." Journal Of Human Resources 43.4 (2008): 783-814. ERIC. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. 5. Villar Angulo, Luis Miguel. "Evaluating Psychosocial Classroom Environments." (1987): ERIC. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. 6. Bembenutty, Hefer. "A Latent Class Analysis Of Teacher Candidates' Goal Orientation, Perception Of Classroom Structure, Motivation, And Self-Regulation." Online Submission (2010): ERIC. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. 7. Polityka, Mary A. "The Effects of Classroom Structure on Student Learning in Introductory Physics." PDF. Department of Physics University of California, San Diego, 15 June 2001. Web. 7 Apr. 2014. 8. Nathan, Rebekah. My Freshman Year: What a Professor Learned by Becoming a Student. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2005. Print.

Child Marraige Essay

It blocks them from education and any possibility of independent work. It subjects them to pregnancy and childbirth before they have reached physical maturity, a circumstance that often produces serious physical trauma, psychological disturbance, and sometimes lifelong physical and/or emotional incapacities. Confusion about the legal status of child marriages results from widespread ignorance of the law by the majority of society. Even ministers were in many cases, unaware of the actual minimum ages for marriage. In Afghanistan marriage is regulated by civil law, various interpretations of Shariah law, and traditional and customary practices. Civil law sets the minimum marriage age for females at 16, but it permits a father to give his daughter in marriage at age 15, if he chooses. Shariah law sets the minimum age for females at 15. Customary practices approve marriage at earlier ages. In any case, Civil law takes precedence over both Shariah law and customary practice. (Shariah law is applied in matters not specifically set forth in the civil codes. Although the non registration of the marriages and the absence of identification documents do not allow the collection of accurate data on the subject, the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) consider the non respect of the minimum age requirement to be the major violation of the right to marry or not to marry. In addition, Afghanistan is bound to end child marriage through its ratification of certain internationalconventions including The Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Based on annual report of AIHRC suicides, self immolations, murders, sexual perversions and psychological disorders are amongst the many negative consequences of child marriage. These also include the increase of maternal and child mortality rates, and the low level of education for women which has a long term effect on the role these play in the country’s political, social and economic life. According to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) report, girls who marry during their childhood do not develop properly, neither physically nor psychologically. They are frequently denied access to education and are subject to different types of diseases arising from abnormal births and isolation. Childhood marriages are common place and prevalent in Afghanistan. In this respect, the Afghan Constitution has clear provisions to support families and children. Based on the reports 57% of Afghan girls are forced to marry before the age of eighteen. Pregnancies of sixteen years old girls are relatively common in Afghanistan. Problem statement: Child marriage is a serious problem, and there are frequent cases of young girls being married to the much older men. Many times, children and teenagers are pulled out of school to marry, depriving them of an education and meaningful work. Victims suffer health risks associated with early sexual activity, such as high risks of maternal and child mortality and sexually transmitted infections, such as HIV/AIDS. They are also likely to be victims of domestic, sexual, and/or emotional abuse, and may suffer from social isolation. Child marriages have negative and unexpected consequences like propagation of disease, divorce cases and escaping from home. While parent’s poverty and illiteracy may lead to their marrying daughters as child, these very marriages will prevent the daughters from having access to education and economic progress. Research Questions: 1. What are the Social, Economic and Political consequences of forced and early marriages in rural society? Objective The focus of this concept paper is to know reasons, causes and consequences of early childhood marriages in Afghanistan. In addition this will seek on vulnerabilities which the girls face by forced and early marriages in rural areas and how it is linked with the rural society and contribute with the poverty, violence and isolation of the families. Research method: The Research will included literature review, reviews of existing files in hospitals and schools, interviews with hospital and school directors, interviews with Rural people (Target area), Government officials and NGOs. Forced Marriages in Afghanistan Afghanistan y Tahera Nassrat   |   on April 6th, 2010   |   9 comments Throughout the world, there are 49 countries that have forced marriage or child bride problems. Forced marriage is simply breach of basic human rights. It is a form of domestic violence and child abuse that contributes to a society’s problems. Afghanistan is one of the Islamic countries where people hold strongly tight to customs and traditions. Breaking the tradition of marrying young children, both boys and g irls, is not only difficult, but near impossible in most urban districts. In the rural areas of Afghanistan, girls are mostly married between ages of 7 to 11. It is really rare that a girl reaches the age of 16 and is not married. The customs, traditions and community they live in make it impossible for girls to break free from forced marriages. They do not get ask to speak for self desire. The fathers in the families mostly decide, as the mothers do not get involved in the decisions, because they are women. By marrying   children in early ages, families are putting them in situations of isolation, health problems, abuse, suicide and lack of education. They believe, they are doing best for their children and without their consents, they bond them into marriage contracts. However, they don’t consider that forced marriage affect women and young children adversely. It involves negative situations like threatening behavior, emotional blackmail, physical violence, rape, sexual abuse, suicide and even murder and young children are obviously not in the capacity to handle such pressure. According to a United Nations’ report, between 60 to 80 percent of marriages in Afghanistan are forced marriages. The report states that the reason why girls are dragged into forced marriages are; repayment of debts; to solve a dispute and to pay family expenses. Moreover, It is obvious among Pashtons, that their widow will never marry someone out of their family, as they always marry the brother of their deceased husband. However in a non-Pashton family, the girl is asked to marry her brother-in-law to get support for the children of her sister. Even worse, some sisters are married to pay for the crime of their brothers by marrying the victims. So, people in Afghanistan believe it is part of culture to marry a girl before age of 18th and not let her have a say, but they should consider that forcing a girl to marry cannot be regarded as cultural practice in any society. It is a violation of basic human rights. Therefore, women as part of society should be able to freely express their choices about their lifestyle desires. The video bellow is history of a 12 year girl who was forced into marriage. She ran away to break free from her in-laws, but unfortunately was arrested and in form of punishment by her husband (a Talib) she lost her nose and ear. Child Marriage in Afghanistan October 2, 2011 by Aamozgar01 Filed under Cultural, Featured 5 Comments If the government of Afghanistan does not stop the practice of child marriage, most mothers will lose their children besides their own lives in Afghanistan as a result of under age marriage. Indeed, getting married under the age of eighteen or sixteen is not legal according to any law around world because it is internationally accepted that at least the couples should be sixteen. Although according to the Afghan Civil Law the minimum age of marriage for male is 18 and female 16, according to reports of Medica Mondiale and UNICEF, 57 per cent of Afghan females are married under the age sixteen without their consent because of their parent’s financial problems. Moreover, Getting married under 16 sixteen will result several serious health problems for mothers that cause them not to develop properly, neither physically nor psychologically (Earily Marriage in Afghanistan). For instance, a woman living in Qala-e-Bakhtiar of Kabul with her six children has said to Medica Mondial that she was only 15 when she was married against her will. She hates the noise of her children   because   of   having   psychological   problems. (W. Mukhatari , pg 6). The marriage of children by force is against human rights. Children know nothing about their sexual relationship with their life partners, because they are still child and their parents should take care of them. Therefore, to save the Afghan female hildren from being exchanged for an amount   of   money   to   solve   a   family s   financial   problems,   Afghanistan government   should   educate   and campaign     about   consequences   of   child   marriage,   increase employment opportunities for parents, and enforce the law by making the marriage registration legal. In spite of understanding the childhood condition of children, most of the Afghan parents marry their daughters because financial problems they are facing. Poverty is a challenge, which changes the lives of children besides the culture of early child marriage. According to the report by Millennium Development Goals for Afghanistan, the average income of per member of family is 200$ a year and less than one dollar   a   day. So, they   are   considered   below   the   poverty   line     (Earily     Marriage   in Afghanistan). Thus, to get out of the financial crises the marriage of their daughters before their legal ages such 16 or 18 would be considered for some families the only option for the parents to protect their family honor, pay their debts and take a little amount of money in exchange for their. First of all, one of the reasons of child marriage is to receive an exorbitant amount of money, which is called Toyana (wedding expenses) in Dari. The payment that parents   receive from the groom family is not less than 300,000 Afs. and is not meant to be the wedding expenses, but the price of their child daughter. In a report about the child   marriages   in   Afghanistan   by   the   Women   and   Children   Legal   Research   Foundation (WCLRF) shows that most of the interviewees have said that the only reason they were married in their childhoods was to receive Toyana from the groom’s family (Earily Marriage in Afghanistan). Secondly, the other factor that makes the poor families marry their daughters under the age sixteen, often times in rural areas, is to exchange women for women which is called Badal. The practice of this type of marriage is very common among the afghan people. This kind of marriage saves a huge expense of both sides because of exchanging their child daughters from a family to another family to satisfy both sides. The wedding party of such kind of marriage is often   celebrated at one time to avoid spending an   large amount of money. Indeed, it is the little young female who is devoted for her brother and is victimized for a little amount of money. Third, debt is another function that the females are exchanged for under the age sixteen in Afghanistan. When a family is unable to pay its debt within limited time that agreed, then the family is supposed to pay a huge amount that satisfy the lender, such as building, farming land, in some cases even a daughter otherwise the family is put in jail. So, the only remaining option for the family to protect its ancestors   property would be to sacrifice a daughter as a form of repayment for debt. It does not matter whether the child daughter is 9 or 18 years. As an explicit example, Shahs Family had to marry their 9 year old daughter Khalida   two years ago. Shah had received almost 2000$ from a drug trader to grow opium in his land, but the government crop-eradication team destroyed his poppy field and put the Shah family in debt. So, he had to give his 9 years daughter to drug trader because nothing was left in his life. (Clifford) Forth, the traditional custom of Afghan people is victimizing the child females in most of the rural areas. One of the reasons of child marriage in Afghanistan is Baad, which is a traditional way of having the child females to marry one of males from the family of   enemy and forcing her to accept him as her husband in compensation for the crime that her father or brother has committed against the enemy family, and to stop the enmity between two families. For instance, Aisha, an Afghan female whose nose and ears were cut by her Al-Qaeda husband in Oruzgan province, was just 8 years old when she was given as a Baad to her husband family 10 years ago (Shaming her in-laws costs ). Because her father had killed a member of her husband family, so he had to give his daughter to compensate his crime and to avoid being imprisoned or being killed by his enemy. Unfortunately, when the child female goes to her husband house in Baad marriage she is not going to her in-laws   house as a bride but as a slave. Consequently, the child marriage has several negative impacts on the health of both, mothers and babies. The female children wh o are married under the age of 16 0r 18 would not be prepared for pregnancies and child birth. A statistic of child marriage by Women and Children Legal   Research   Foundation   (WCLRF)   shows   that   28. 7%   mothers   have   physiological   and psychological problems, 34. 1% have physically weak children,   8. 9% have handicapped and disabled children, 1. 6% have children with different types of diseases and disorders, and 40. 4% of these women have suffered from gynecological disease (Earily Marriage in Afghanistan). In addition, the child marriage would result to take the life of the mothers along with losing the babies. Most   of   the   mothers   who   are   dying   at the age of   18-19   are   because   of   their   early regnancies, and the chance of   survival for the babies would be forty per cent comparing to the mothers who married in their proper ages (Sadik). Furthermore, child marriage would result the child brides to be abused by their in-laws family. Most of the child females face various violations after t hey get married, such as no right to choose, no right to go somewhere without the permission of her husband . When the violation increase the child bride is going to be isolated from the families and relatives. Thus, the only options that remains for the child bride is to suicide or escape from home. The interview of female prisoners by   the   Medica   Mendials   legal   staff   shows   that   60%   of prisoners   were   the   escapees   from husbands   houses who were married under the age sixteen. Most of the prisoners have said that they   were   being   abused   or   even   being   threaten   to   dead by   their   in-laws   families (W. Mukhatari , pg 9) . To come out of the child marriage problem and save little young girls in Afghanistan, education and awareness of public are the main keys to prevent from child marriage. The government should provide community education programs to inform the public about negative consequences of child marriage. Such programs can be implemented easily by   Ministry of Women Affairs, which   can   easily   teach   the   women   of   an   area   without   any   problem,   or   in   other   way,   the government should pay the clergymen of mosques to advice the parents on their tribunes. These are the only sources that families can trust on. Moreover, the government should implement public awareness campaigns by international organizations and by holding Shoras and Jirgas with the elders of rural areas to talk about the negative impacts of child marriage (Earily Marriage in Afghanistan). The government of Afghanistan should enforce the law to prevent child marriages. For instance, keeping the marriage registration regularly by the government agencies and receiving the evidence and acquiescence of both sides could be a possible way to reduce the child marriage. For example, in parts of   Indonesia, registration of marriage is dependent on evidence that the marriage is not forced on couples (Sadik). The parents who marry their daughters in their childhood under the age 16 should punished and persecuted seriously by the government as governments of Norway and Kyrgyzstan did. They both have set the minimum age of the girls 17 and the punishment of those who marry the females earlier than the age 17 would be jailed for 2 to 6 years. Weak Economy is another factor, which causes most child marriages in Afghanistan. The government should try to develop the economic situation in rural areas where   women have   cannot   earn   money   for   themselves. For example,   the   project   of Micro finance Investment   Support   Facility   for   Afghanistan,   which   is   donated   by   the   World   Bank   and   is implemented by the Rural Rehabilitation and Development Ministry, should be accessible for all women the Afghanistan. In fact, lending a little amount of money to women can be   the   start   of   their   business   to   provide   their   own   necessities. For example   Saima Mohammad who was about to be divorced by her husband because of having only a daughter and no son. Her husband had borrowed 3,000$, and he was not able to pay it back. So, Saima went to Pakistani micro finance organization called Kashf Foundation, took out only 65$ as loan and bought her 65$ bead and clothes to make embroidery from them and sell them to market in Lahor. She has everything now, and even her husband is working with her (Knistaff). The government should be serious in taking important steps against child   marriages in Afghanistan, because child marriage is dangerous for the health of both, mothers and their babies. People should be informed; the parents who force their child daughters to marry and those who marry females under the age sixteen should be punished. Most importantly, the economic situation of people should be developed to prevent them to not marry their children under the age sixteen in exchange for an amount of money. So, the Afghan government needs to increase peoples’ awareness about the outcome of early marriage, make employment opportunities and persecute those who marry their children before the age sixteen. Written by: Zabiullah Zabi http://www. aamozgar. org/child-marriage-in-afghanistan/ Forced and Child Marriage Forced and child marriages entrap women and young girls in relationships that deprive them of their basic human rights. Forced marriage constitutes a human rights violation in and of itself. Article One of the  Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages  states that â€Å"No marriage shall be legally entered into without the full and free consent of both parties, such consent to be expressed by them in person after due publicity and in the presence of the authority competent to solemnize the marriage and of witnesses, as prescribed by law. † The Marriage Convention addresses the issue of age. According to Article 2 of the  Convention, â€Å"States Parties to the present Convention shall take legislative action to specify a minimum age for marriage. No marriage shall be legally entered into by any person under this age, except where a competent authority has granted a dispensation as to age, for serious reasons, in the interest of the intending spouses. †Ã‚   Under General Assembly Resolution 2018 (XX) of 1 November 1965, â€Å"Recommendation on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages,† Principle II states that the minimum age to marry be set no lower than fifteen years. However, this is only a recommendation and it still allows room for a competent authority to grant â€Å"dispensation as to age for serious reasons. Leaving the minimum age of consent to the discretion of each country and allowing an authority to make exceptions to the minimum age of marriage aggravates the potential for early and forced marriages. Forced marriages differ from arranged marriages. In forced marriages, one or both of the partners cannot give free or valid consent to the marriage. Forced marriages i nvolve varying degrees of force, coercion or deception, ranging from emotional pressure by family or community members to abduction and imprisonment. Emotional pressure from a victim’s family includes repeatedly telling the victim that the family’s social standing and reputation are at stake, as well as isolating the victim or refusing to speak to her. In more severe cases, the victim can be subject to physical or sexual abuse, including rape. In arranged marriages, the parents and families play a leading role in arranging the marriage, but the individuals getting married can nonetheless chose whether to marry or not. Many regard arranged marriage as a well-established cultural tradition that flourishes in many communities, so a clear distinction should be drawn between forced and arranged marriages. However, in some cases the difference between a forced marriage and an arranged marriage may be purely semantic. In her January 2007 report, â€Å"Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights Aspects of the Victims of Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children,† Sigma Huda states that, â€Å"[a] marriage imposed on a woman not by explicit force, but by subjecting her to relentless pressure and/or manipulation, ften by telling her that her refusal of a suitor will harm her family’s standing in the community, can also be understood as forced. † Prevalence Forced and child marriage mainly affects young women and girls, although there are cases of young men and boys being forced to marry—especially if there are concerns about his sexual orientation. Reliable statistics on forced marriage are difficult to compile due to the unofficial and, therefore, undocumented nature of most forced marriages. In 2003, the International Centre for Research on Women estimated that more than 51 million girls under 18 years were married and they expected the figure to rise to over 100 million within the next ten years. Similarly, in 2006, experts estimated that thirty-eight percent of young women aged 20 to 24 in the fifty least developed countries were married before the age of 18. >>Learn more Causes and Risk Factors No major world religion sanctions forced marriage. It is purely a cultural practice. However, no culture exclusively practices forced marriage. Victims are forced into marriage for many different reasons. In the  United Kingdom, the Working Group on Forced Marriage found that most cases were a result of â€Å"loving manipulation, where parents genuinely felt that they were acting in their children and family’s best interests. †   To families living in poverty or economic instability, a daughter may be seen as an â€Å"economic burden† who must be married as soon as possible to take financial strain off of the family. Marriage can also be used to settle a debt, or to strengthen family or caste status through social alliances. Fears about sexual activity before marriage, or fear of rumors about such activity ruining a daughter’s opportunity to marry well, also fuel early and forced marriages. >> Learn more Consequences and Effects Forced and child marriages have severe psychological, emotional, medical, financial, and legal consequences. Victims tend to be isolated from their peers and friends. They rarely have access to social services that could assist them. Early marriages often interrupt a victim’s education. This deprives them of their right to education, as well as limits any possibility of economic independence from their spouse, making it more difficult to escape from an unwanted marriage. The unofficial nature of many of these marriages means that they often go unregistered, leaving a woman with no legal protections in cases of separation. Forced and child marriages are also more likely to become violent because the relationship is based on the power of one spouse over the other. In addition, complications during childbirth are much more common among young mothers. >>Learn more International and Domestic Law and Policies Numerous international legal instruments prohibit forced and child marriage, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United Nations Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Although most countries have signed onto these documents, many countries have not taken sufficient steps to implement these treaties. In 2005, the Council of Europe adopted  Resolution 1468  on forced marriages and child marriages. However, only a few countries have criminalized forced marriage.

Chilean Copper Mine Collapse Report

Week 4: Chilean Copper Mine Collapse Report Monique Carr BCOM/275 February 21, 2013 Instructor: Yuvonne Richmond Chilean Copper Mine Collapse Report In the article that I had to research called â€Å"Over 30 workers trapped after Chilean Copper Mine Collapse† (Weik, 2010) it talks about what occurred on August 5, 2010 in which the San Jose mine collapsed trapping approximately 30 workers.The article indicated that prior to the collapse a fatal accident occurred in 2007 which closed the mine for a period of time but later opened in the later part of the year. It also detailed that the rescuers were attempting to locate the workers so they would be able to drill their way into the mine in order to provide the workers with food, water, and oxygen but a second collapse occurred during that process.The additional articles I reviewed regarding this report did not provide enough detail regarding the status of the minors and their health but stated more about the company reasons to wh y this event occurred and providing statements such as â€Å"Major mining accidents are uncommon in Chile, the world’s top cooper producer† (Arthur, 2010) and stating â€Å"How Chile is the top copper producer in the world so mining accidents are uncommon in when its monitored so closely by authorities† (Soto, 2010). Basically, the articles never really explained why and how this incident occurred the communication was not very effective.Effective communication is very important regardless of the way it is used to communicate with the audience. Some of the considerations to be given in the different roles and speaking with the different audiences you must consider the communication barrier, cultural diversity, perceptions, and body language of your audience. If the communication is done incorrectly it could possibly affect not alone the families of the workers but also the reputation of the company. The representatives who speak on behalf of the ompany will have to be skilled in knowing what to say, how to say it, and finding the right way to deliver the news to the families, public and etc. The incident that occurred affected many people across the world especially the families that were involved. The families were upset and frustrated because they wanted answers about their loved ones and wondering if they would make it out alive. The mining company must possess some sort of responsibility to make sure the families of the workers are updated on everything that is happening and the precautions they will be taking to ensure the safety of their loved ones.The ways of communication would be to provide detail knowledge of the event by conducting a face-to- face meeting, explaining the different implementations that would be in place to convince them that the company is working night and day to get everyone out with safety and security. Also, providing the families with written confirmation on everything that is being done to take place and ex plaining that once the miners are rescued what the next steps are to help them mentally and physically.The main aspect of the communication to the families would be offering counseling sessions to prepare the families for any bad news that may happen within the days there loved ones were trapped in the mine and any information relayed by the experts would also be communicated to the families. Another factor to consider is the communication the company must have with the employees of the company and that would also include the workers that are trapped in the mine.The proper communication would be email or setting up a webex which is an online meeting tool that you are able to have updates and presentations presented even to the employees that are out of state or even out the country. The communication should be detailing the safety and well-being the company has for its employees and being mindful of the safety precautions for each individual. Also, the company could set up an employ ee benefit hot line so counselors are able to speak with anyone day or night that may be affected by this incident.The actions that I would take before and after the message is delivered to the families, employees, and audience is to conduct follow up meetings and communications in email. The follow up process will clarify the things discussed to all parties about the incident and what procedures will take place for the workers in the future. It is very important to send documentation about every timeline of the event that can be stored for legal purposes and company’s records. The Chilean mine incident story captured global attention from many.This rescue is a tribute not only to the determination of the rescue workers and the Chilean government but also the unity and resolve of the Chilean people who have inspired the world,† Obama said in Washington (Wade, 2010). Two Communications from the Mining Company To the families of the Chilean miners, We would like to take t his time to first extend our prayers and condolences to each of you and your families. I called a face –to- face meeting with you all so we can answer any questions and provide you all with updates on the process of getting your loved ones out the miner.We are working diligently day and night to ensure the safety of our employees’ and your loved ones. There will be ways of communication given to the miners from the company and to the families. Please do not hesitate to contact us when you have a question or concern by email or phone. To the Chilean employees: I would like to thank each of you for the support and contributions for your willingness to help assist with getting your coworkers released from the mine.In the last few days we have overcome many obstacles and are facing great challenges, however with your prayer and support to the families we will look for a greater response with a great solution in getting our employees home. We will be having daily teleconfer ence meetings and also follow up emails. This is to keep everyone aware of the status of the miners update and also answering any questions or concerns you may have. Last, please do not hesitate to contact the Employee Benefit Help line for counseling. We will get our friends, coworkers, and family home. Thank you. ReferencesWade, T. , (2010, October 13) Chilean miners rescued after 69 days underground. Retrieved from http://www. reuters. com/article/2010/10/13/us-chile-miners-idUSN0925972620101013 Soto, A. (2010) Leading the Rescue of the Miners in Chile. Retrieved from: http://kw. wharton. upenn. edu/wdp/files/2011/07/Leading-the-Miners-Rescue. pdf Arthur, K. , (2010, August 6) Chile mine collapse traps 34 miners. Retrieved from: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-latin-america-10897327 Weik, J. (2010, August 6) Over 30 workers trapped after Chilean copper mine collapse. Metal bulletin daily. (224), 65.

Death of a Salesman Context Essay

Death of a Salesman is a play that consists of a HISTORICAL background which is key to understanding the play. It was written in 1949, just a few years after the World War ll was over, meaning the United States, where the play occurs, was going through many changes. For example, the war caused an increase in industrial production markets and non-farming business. For the poorest Americans, however, the economic situation was not improved as America started having high inflation, causing problems for the poorest citizens to purchase the basics. Also, the government started to create policies which helped larger corporate farmers but not smaller farmers. Happy, a sales clerk and Biff, a farm worker, had the lowest-paid jobs in the country, leading them to some trouble in maintaining dignity in society. For Americans, dignity and pride were very important things. Due to their victories during the war, Americans felt proud and had a feeling of superiority over the world. This lead to the ir need of proving that capitalism was better than communism. Because of this, Americans felt responsible for protecting their nation from any influences from communist Soviet Union. This period of time where Americans felt the obligation to achieve financial success in order to show gratitude for the liberty they had as a democratic society and also to defeat the Soviets is now called the Cold War era. During this period of time, people like Willy relied too much on long-term credit to show they were financially successful and ended up having trouble in giving their families the basics. In the play, this Cold War attitude is shown by Willy’s preoccupation with his position in society and financial status. Willy’s worry also represents some of the SOCIAL context in the play as he fears not being accepted in society; he wants to be â€Å"well liked†. American society changed after WWll. Before, people were motivated by morals and rules but after the Cold War era started, Americans became motivated bywhat others thought of th em. Willy represents the people in American society who lost their identity due to their need to achieve social standards. This idea is reflected at the end of the play where Biff says that Willy â€Å"didn’t know who he was.† This social change may have been a cause of POLITICAL change because, as a result of The Great Depression, American government became more influential on citizens’ daily lives.  Because of this, and also due to an increase in media communication such as radio and television, Americans started to feel like they belonged to a large, connected society and along came a desire to be accepted by their peers in society. Miller also shows some of the CULTURAL background behind the play through three of his main characters: Willy, Ben and Biff as the three of them, similar to many Americans at the time, show they are eager to achieve â€Å"The American Dream†. Two versions of the American Dream are mentioned in the play. One is represented by Willy, focused mostly on money which was a way Americans found to show they had the â€Å"freedom and liberty† to purchase material goods. The other version is shown through Biff and Ben with their â€Å"go West, young man† mythology representing the dream of having the liberty for new adventures. Leticia Hosang

Drivers Education Essay

Both SADD and MADD have had various positive impacts to the society supportive implications to the well worth of the society in correspondence to the influence they have to our society. The Original meaning of SADD was â€Å" Students Against Drunk Driving† but have changed to mean â€Å"Students Against Destructive Decisions†. Robert Anastas founded SADD in 1981 in company of other student in the wayland high school in Massachusetts. It started after two hockey players from Wayland high school were killed separately in the July of 1981. These incidences led towards working together of Anastas and his fellow mates. The basic core of SADD was to provide an ultimate contract for human life. It was and is the only student national organization, which deals with impaired driving, violence emanating from drug use, underage drinking, impaired driving and a broad array of activities that affects the lives of teenagers. (http://chicagoathome. com/dct/54/id/3528/mid/2347/This-Year–S-A-D-D–Conference. aspx) The original goal of SADD was in helping the young people from drinking through saying â€Å"No† to driving while drunk. However, such former mission has seen an expansion to capture the expanding problems that seems to face the adolescence in the current times. This is what provided for the change in the name from the former meaning to what is held currently. With this mission, students have continued to communicate with the adults within their reach about the role and implication of positively attitude of peer pressure, use of role models as well as a binary of other substantial strategies that can help to say â€Å"No† towards any activity of driving while drunk. This has seen SADD enjoy the sovereignty of being an organization modeled towards peer leadership. The basic ideology behind SADD is to prevent the effect of the idea behind underage drinking as well as drug abuse. It seeks to focus its attention towards modeling potential life that would not be threatened by the consequences of various destructive youth decisions. According to SADD, destructive decision include engaging in the domain of sexual activities that would lead to disease transmission, violence, smoking, failure of using safety belts as well as suicide commission. Consequently, SADD has its basic mission of providing students with the most adequate preventive and intervention protocol that would perhaps encourage any activity of drunk driving, destructive decisions, drug abuse and underage drinking. Across the years since its conception, SADD has even incorporated various activities that help to spread its message to a broad domain of the societal population. They have used ‘pre-prom’ assemblies that have been held in various districts in helping to provide a better scope of awareness to the societal domain about the dangers allied to driving while drunk. Across the years, SADD have invited people towards participating in various conferences that aim at working together in addressing the aspect of driving and drinking. It has in the recent years expanded its horizons to incorporate various virtuous topics that are not related to drinking. This includes eating disorders, teenage pregnancies, driving practices that are not safe and broad-spectrum of social issues affecting the teens. Their focus has been addressing the long and short-term implications of various destructive decisions taken by the youth. Like SADD, MADD has its foundation of addressing various aspects on driving and drinking. MADD stands for â€Å"Mothers Against Drunk Driving†. The foundation of MADD was seen in 1980 by a group of women from California. This was after a driver hit a 13 year-old-girl before running away. The same driver had recently been out of the jail after being convicted of yet another crime of hitting accident. Historically, he had formerly committed other several accidents. However, since the 1980 this organization (MADD) has seen a massive expansion and growth. To formalize its activities, MADD provided an official position of its president who is elected and remains in the office for a specific time period. (http://chicagoathome. com/dct/54/id/3528/mid/2347/This-Year–S-A-D-D–Conference. aspx) Currently, MADD is an organization operating at the grass root level and compounds around 600 chapters across the world. However, it does not deliver any campaign against alcoholism as thought by many people. However, it has its mission of stopping drunk driving, preventing underage drinking, and supporting the pertinent victims who commit the crime of drunk driving. It has its focus on looking towards the most appropriate and effective solutions, which can be provided towards problems allied to underage drinking and drunk driving. Elsewhere, it has its motive towards providing support for those already salvaged by these crimes through giving moral support and counseling. (Sarah, 1995, 79) Considerably therefore, both the SADD and the MADD are social organizations that are aimed at improving and promoting the state of living held by young people. At a closer range, SADD is a students organization with its benchmark towards helping students against the subjective influence of peer pressure influence. It has its motive of striking a balance between the proximities of education that is combined with a positive peer pressure influence. Through this motive, SADD mission believes that there will be an autonomous life saving. Like SADD, MADD has its mission statement rooted in the well being of the society through postulating an imaginary that promotes their livelihood. It aims at improving and sustaining the status of their lives by addressing various problems that affect the social life phenomena of the youth. (Gerald, 1991, 92) Generally, both the SADD and MADD have almost the same operational framework in their regions of support. By and large, the two organizations have seen it worth of using social conferences that help to address the broad outlay social problems and crimes that affect the youth. Generally, use of conferences has been a motivating campaign that has seen the process of counseling produce adequate results and benefits. Elsewhere, direct conduct of students with the other members of the society has been an adequate tool towards describing how they operate in the regions. Students and the youth in general elaborates and campaign to the society through oral persuasion to address the impacts and the consequences of different crimes to the other members of the society. Notedly also, a full pledge of campaign has been achieved through posters, signs, signals, artistic works and other stylistic devices. (http://chicagoathome. com/dct/54/id/3528/mid/2347/This-Year–S-A-D-D–Conference.aspx) Generally, these organizations can highly be echoed of their response effectiveness towards meeting their goals. Since their primary mission has been to disseminate awareness on how the young people are to provide fruitful benefits. Many youths and students have incorporated the teachings of the organization giving them fruitful benefits towards avoiding the negative impacts of such crimes to their lives and the general society. Notedly, there has been a more conscious awareness across the board by students in knowing the relative impact of driving while drunk. The social imaginary of the youth have also been positively modeled by the lessons learnt from their teachings. Work cited Gerald, D. Waging the Battle against Drunk Driving: Issues, Countermeasures, and Effectiveness. Mahwah, NJ, Praeger, 1991, pp. 92 Sarah, S. U. S. Women’s Interest Groups. Institutional Profiles. Greenwood Press, 1995, pp. 79 This Year SADD Conference. Retrieved on 8th May 2008 from http://chicagoathome. com/dct/54/id/3528/mid/2347/This-Year–S-A-D-D–Conference. aspx

Calgary International Oil Shale Technologies

The report deals with the conflict the between the labourers and the scientist of   Calgary International Oil Shale Technologies, and advices Algoma Howard and her team for improving the employee-involvement relationship. Algoma Howard is the First Nation descendant, who implemented the teamwork program. It is important to note that one of the greatest solution of here problem is, she had, with her, Carlos Debrito, who is working in the Calgary International Oils Shale Technologies for 26 years. Conflict is something that is very common in a team and it could arise due to various reasons, one of the most important reasons behind this is personality clash. Since most of the time, the teams have people of different personalities therefore; most of the time there is a conflict within the team due to the difference in personalities. In this particular case the Calgary is a company that is having a dispute between the scientists and the labourers, and through the following way this particular dispute could be solved:   Behrends, A., Park, S.J. and Rottenburg, R., 2014. Travelling Models in African Conflict Management: Translating Technologies of Social Ordering. Brill. Berman, L. (2016). 13 Tools for Resolving Conflict in the Workplace, with Customers and in Life. Mediate.com. Folger, J.P., Poole, M.S. and Stutman, R.K., 2012. Working through conflict. Pearson Higher Ed. Marter, J. (2014). The Huffington Post.

Samgsung Electronics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Samgsung Electronics - Essay Example The high quality of products is implicit, but never sufficient. Innovations are the key to success in these markets, but they come at a high price and are very easily copied. It takes a mix of luck, great management and a visionary business approach to make it in today’s overcrowded marketplace. Samsung, one of the largest Korean companies, begins its second century. The new digital era has brought revolutionary opportunities and changes to global business. Samsung has come up with solutions to these changes by upgrading its business structure, management perspective, and corporate culture to meet the new global standards (Samsung.com). Since its founding in 1938, Samsung has grown from a domestic industrial leader into a global consumer electronics powerhouse. The company is presently recognized as one of the world’s leaders in digital technology, holding the number one market share for thirteen products of the range (among which semiconductors, TFT-LCDs, monitors and CDMA mobile phones). These considered, the company’s target is an increase on this number to thirty in the following year. On the main priorities of the company is the research and development function, especially on the semiconductor line that includes flash memory and non-memory, custom semiconductors, DRAM and SRAM. The department in charge with this vital function comprises 13,000 researchers, and the financial investment is large - US$ 1.7 billion. But there is no other way in the technological fields, and the management at Samsung knows it better than anyone, having an experience of many decades. From a financial perspective, the company offers its clients services that have been appreciated and awarded. The Samsung Card is a payment solution that was selected as the "Best Card Company in the New Millennium" by MasterCard. This type of facilities and incentives for clients come as a plus to the products, more than a marketing tool – a long-term business development

Th Ntur f Pristhd in th Church f nglnd (nd hw I might xrcis my Essay

Th Ntur f Pristhd in th Church f nglnd (nd hw I might xrcis my ministry tdy) - Essay Example In mÐ °ny pÐ µÃ ¾plÐ µs Ð µyÐ µs, hÐ ¾wÐ µvÐ µr, thÐ µ Church Ð ¾f ЕnglÐ °nd hÐ °s Ð °s its primÐ °ry distinguishing mÐ °rk its brÐ µÃ °dth Ð °nd Ð ¾pÐ µn-mindÐ µdnÐ µss with sÐ °int dÐ µvÐ ¾tiÐ ¾n tÐ ¾ priÐ µsthÐ ¾Ã ¾d. ThÐ µ mÐ °in bÐ µliÐ µf Ð ¾f thÐ µ church rÐ µfÐ µrs tÐ ¾ thÐ µ fÐ ¾llÐ ¾wing: Every child of God is a priest! ЕvÐ µry mÐ °n Ð °nd wÐ ¾mÐ °n whÐ ¾ is Ð ° ChristiÐ °n hÐ °s Ð µntÐ µrÐ µd "thÐ µ priÐ µsthÐ ¾Ã ¾d." (Owen, 2002). ThÐ µ Ð ¾nly high priÐ µst in GÐ ¾ds systÐ µm tÐ ¾dÐ °y is in hÐ µÃ °vÐ µn† ChristiÐ °ns Ð °rÐ µ priÐ µsts Ð ¾f GÐ ¾d. ThÐ µ priÐ µsthÐ ¾Ã ¾d undÐ µr thÐ µ lÐ °w wÐ °s Ð ° vÐ µry hÐ ¾nÐ ¾rÐ °blÐ µ Ð °nd sÐ °crÐ µd Ð ¾fficÐ µ, HÐ µb. 5:4, â€Å"Ð nd nÐ ¾ mÐ °n tÐ °kÐ µth this hÐ ¾nÐ ¾r untÐ ¾ himsÐ µlf, but hÐ µ thÐ °t is cÐ °llÐ µd Ð ¾f GÐ ¾d, Ð °s wÐ °s Ð Ã °rÐ ¾n.† It wÐ °s Ð ¾n Ð °ccÐ ¾unt Ð ¾f this hÐ ¾nÐ ¾r thÐ °t thÐ ¾sÐ µ prÐ ¾ud mÐ µn, KÐ ¾rÐ °h Ð °nd his cÐ ¾mpÐ °ny, Ð µnviÐ µd Ð Ã °rÐ ¾n; Ð °nd GÐ ¾d Ð °ssÐ µrtÐ µd Ð °nd vindicÐ °tÐ µd Ð Ã °rÐ ¾n’s right tÐ ¾ it, by cÐ °using his rÐ ¾d tÐ ¾ bud. It wÐ °s Ð °n hÐ ¾nÐ ¾r which, bÐ µfÐ ¾rÐ µ thÐ µ giving Ð ¾f thÐ µ lÐ °w, whÐ µn Ð µvÐ µry pÐ °rticulÐ °r fÐ °mily wÐ °s wÐ ¾nt tÐ ¾ Ð ¾ffÐ µr sÐ °crificÐ µs fÐ ¾r thÐ µmsÐ µlvÐ µs, thÐ µ firstbÐ ¾rn usÐ µd tÐ ¾ clÐ °im, Ð °nd thÐ µrÐ µfÐ ¾rÐ µ thÐ µ birthright wÐ °s sÐ ¾ much Ð µstÐ µÃ µmÐ µd Ð °nd vÐ °luÐ µd. ThÐ µrÐ µfÐ ¾rÐ µ JÐ °cÐ ¾b hÐ °d such Ð ° dÐ µsirÐ µ Ð ¾f hÐ °ving thÐ µ birthright Ð ¾f his brÐ ¾thÐ µr ЕsÐ °u, Ð °nd ЕsÐ °u’s dÐ µspising Ð ¾f it is spÐ ¾kÐ µn Ð ¾f Ð °s Ð ° grÐ µÃ °t instÐ °ncÐ µ Ð ¾f his prÐ ¾fÐ °nÐ µnÐ µss. PriÐ µst in thÐ µ Church Ð ¾f ЕnglÐ °nd is sÐ °id tÐ ¾ bÐ µ Ð ° chiÐ µf mÐ °n Ð °mÐ ¾ng his pÐ µÃ ¾plÐ µ, LÐ µv. 21:4, â€Å"But hÐ µ shÐ °ll nÐ ¾t dÐ µfilÐ µ himsÐ µlf, bÐ µing Ð ° chiÐ µf mÐ °n Ð °mÐ ¾ng his pÐ µÃ ¾plÐ µ, tÐ ¾ prÐ ¾fÐ °nÐ µ himsÐ µlf.† BÐ µcÐ °usÐ µ thÐ µ Ð ¾fficÐ µ Ð ¾f thÐ µ priÐ µsthÐ ¾Ã ¾d is sÐ ¾ hÐ ¾nÐ ¾rÐ °blÐ µ, it is nÐ ¾ticÐ µd Ð °s Ð ° wickÐ µd cÐ ¾ntÐ µmpt Ð ¾f it in sÐ µvÐ µrÐ °l wickÐ µd kings, thÐ °t thÐ µy mÐ °dÐ µ Ð ¾f thÐ µ mÐ µÃ °nÐ µst Ð ¾f thÐ µ pÐ µÃ ¾plÐ µ priÐ µsts. PriÐ µsthÐ ¾Ã ¾d is vÐ µry sÐ °crÐ µd Ð ¾fficÐ µ, Ð °nd thÐ °t Ð °bÐ ¾vÐ µ Ð °ll Ð ¾thÐ µr Ð ¾fficÐ µs. LÐ µv. 21:6, â€Å"ThÐ µy shÐ °ll bÐ µ hÐ ¾ly untÐ ¾ thÐ µir GÐ ¾d, Ð °nd nÐ ¾t

Impacts of Information Technology Systems on Hotels Essay

Impacts of Information Technology Systems on Hotels - Essay Example ation technology systems enhance customer experience, increase revenues, differentiate brands, improve cost effectiveness and finally increase security. The recommendations include: embracing and implementing information technology systems that reflect the current trends in the global business environment and the need to have the staff in the industry compliment the information provided over the internet. The hotel industry, and in extension the entire hospitality industry, has significantly evolved over the years as it strives to meet the emerging customer needs in the modern digital era. This has been prompted by the emerging technological innovations that currently characterize daily life in almost all spheres. In recognition of these changes, the hotel industry has kept up the pace with modern times by embracing and integrating technology as a key component of hotel operations. Currently, hotels operate real-time service delivery through efficient websites, booking systems and fully automated management systems. Indeed, the Hotel Investment Conference convened in Durban identified technology as the driver of change and innovation in this broad industry (Reynard, 2012). The benefits of technology-based solutions not only accrue to the hotel operators, but also to the customers served by the industry. This paper seeks to answers the question: should a hotel invest in Smartphone-bas ed check-in and information systems? The major technological innovations that have changed the trends in the hotel industry are largely driven by the globalized business environment. As a result of globalization and increase in international trade, traveling and efficient international links are becoming an increasingly important aspect of the global hotel industry. This implies that the technology systems should offer global solutions so as to cater for the varied needs of customers in different locations. Secondly, the unprecedented growth and relevance of social media platforms has